The Reformation
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- Hi , my name is Romeo . I'm going to be talking about the religious reformer , Martin Luther .
- Martin Luther was born in Eisleben , Germany in 1483 . He joined the Augustinian Order to become a monk and a priest . He later became Professor of Theology (study of God ) at Wittenberg University in Saxony . Luther was a holy man who feared about going to heaven because he was worried that God wouldn't forgive sinners like him . He studied The Bible for a while until he found his answer , which was only faith in God would allow a person to go to heaven - this was called justification by faith . In 1517 , then pope , Leo X , thought of the the idea of sale of indulgences which would allow him and his colleagues to get more money , which angered Luther and sparked him to write the 95 Theses (arguments) .
- He wrote the 95 Theses in Latin with the help of the printing press . Luther began the 95 Theses with this statement ' Out of love for the truth and from desire to elucidate (explain) it , the Reverend Father Martin Luther , Master of Arts and Sacred Theology , and ordinary lecturer at Wittenberg , intends to defend the following statements and to dispute on them in that place . Therefore he asks that those who cannot be present , and dispute with him orally , shall do so in their absence by letter . In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ , Amen . '
- So the pope responded and took action against Luther for writing , The 95 Theses . Luther was ordered to meet Cardinal Cajetan . They met but Luther refused to change his ideas . Luther then had a public debate with a theologian , John Eck . In the debate , Luther questioned the authority of the pope . The pope sent a special letter called a papal bull excommunicating (expelling) Luther from receiving the sacraments . Luther burned that specific papal bull in public . Charles V became Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 . He ruled over many lands , including Germany . The pope asked him to intervene because Luther was becoming more popular .
- Charles V called Luther to the Diet (parliament) of Worms , near Mainz , Germany in 1521 . Here Luther appeared before the Emperor and German princes . Luther spoke before the Diet and refused to withdraw his teachings . After Luther left the Diet , the emperor issued the Edict (order) of Worms: ` If you have sufficient force , you shall take Luther prisoner and deliver him to us .' On Luther's way home , he was captured by the soldiers of Frederick the Wise , Elector of Saxony , who supported Luther . The soldiers took him to Wartburg Castle so that he would be safe . Luther spent a year there disguised as `Knight George ' . During the year he translated the Old and New Testament into German so Germans could read the Bible . Divisions between Catholic and Protestant princes grew in Germany. The emperor Charles V rejected the Augsburg Confession which was a statement of Lutheran beliefs . Lutherans took over Catholic churches and built some of their own .
- Luther then died in 1546 , much to the disappointment of Lutherans , before war broke out between the two sides (Catholics and Lutherans). A civil and religious war broke out in Germany and lasted nine whole years . Even though the Catholic princes won some battles , Lutheranism was too strong in Germany to be defeated . The Peace of Augsburg (1555) brought the war to an end . This treaty stated that each ruler was free to decide the religion of his or her state . Catholics living in Lutheran states had to leave , as well as Lutherans living in Catholic states . There was still a bitter taste between the two religions often reminding the other religion who is the boss . Thanks for listening to me . And that was the story of Martin Luther .
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