Agriculture
Texto del Guión Gráfico
- Hello Sarah! I want to show you how our farms workso you can help in farming.
- Wow! sure grandpa that's so interesting !
- The land holdings are very big in size. The farming operations are fully mechanized and there are very few human labourers.
- So the first method that you need to know of is Extensive agriculture.
- Fertilizers are not used to a great extent. A very important feature is specialization in one or two crops. Other crops are corn, barley, oats, rye and cotton. Total production from the farms is very large but per hectare productivity can be low.
- The next method is Plantation agriculture. It is a commercial type of farming with specialization of a single crop. The farms are huge and are called estates. A large amount of capital is invested and the farming methods are efficient.
- Machinery and fertilizers are used whenever required. A lot of manual labour is required and skilled labour is often imported. The crop is processed before being set to the market for sale. The estates are well connected to ports and railheads. The entire agricultural system is scientifically managed like a factory.
- In Mixed farming agriculture, crop cultivation and animals rearing are practiced on the same farm. The farm size is moderate and farming is done intensively. The use of modern machinery, improved seeds and chemical fertilizers ensure a high yield.
- Crop rotation is practiced to retain the soil fertility. Farmers grow cereal crops like wheat, maize and barley along with root crops like potatoes and turnips, legumes like peas and beans and fodder crops like alfalfa. They raise cattle for beef and sheep for mutton. Pigs and poultry are also kept.
- Pastoral farming is aimed at producing livestock rather than growing crops. Farmers rear animals like sheep, goat etc on a large scale and moves them from place to place in search of food and water.
- The animals are kept in huge farms called ranches. They are fed on natural grasses as well as on fodder crops like alfalfa and lucerne.
- The next one is Dairy farming, it is the rearing of dairy cattle to produce milk products. Dairy farming is practiced around urban areas. Modern machinery and scientific methods of breeding are used. A large labour force is required to look after the cattle and huge amount of capital needs to be invested.
- Orchard farming is a type of farming that has developed in the Mediterranean region. They specialize in the commercial production of olives, figs, oranges and apricots. Viticulture or grape cultivation is also a speciality of the Mediterranean regions. Grapes are used for wine production.
- Marketing gardening and horticulture is a type of agriculture that includes the cultivation of vegetables, fruits and flowers solely for the urban markets. Irrigation is often used and soil fertility is maintained by the application of fertilizers. A lot of manual labour is required and the yields are generally high.
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