Dino Extinction Culminating Explanation
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- The asteroid originated from space, while the dinosaurs originated from Earth. The asteroid was estimated to be very large with a high amount of mass. While the asteroid was in space, it was being propelled by high amounts of kinetic energy. Its potential and kinetic energy stayed high and constant while being pulled by the gravitational attraction of Earth.
- Gravitational Force
- The asteroid has unbalanced forces as it moves through the atmosphere. The gravitational forces acting on it and the lack of upward normal force from the surface cause the forces to be unbalanced and the asteroid to accelerate towards the Earth’s surface.
- As this happens, its potential energy is being converted into kinetic energy, and parts of its increasing kinetic energy are being converted into light, thermal, heat, and sound energy from entering the atmosphere at a high velocity.
- Gravitational Force
- Air Resistance
- As the asteroid collides with Earth, its forces become balanced as it has stopped accelerating. Its potential and kinetic energy are decreased since it has stopped moving, and they are converted to thermal, light, heat, and sound energy during the impact. Earth’s crust and the asteroid are vaporized on impact, and iridium and ejecta are launched miles away. It creates a crater with a diameter of 93 miles and a depth of 12 miles.
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- Normal Force
- Gravitational Force
- High amounts of iridium were found in the KT clay layer between the Cretaceous and Tertiary rock layers. This supports the Asteroid Impact Theory because iridium is scarce on Earth, but plentiful in asteroids, and ordinary layers did not contain as much iridium as the KT layer did, indicating that there was a large asteroid impact. Additionally, shocked quartz was found in the KT clay layer at varying distances from the impact site. Shocked quartz is the result of extreme shock pressures, which can be caused by the impact of a large asteroid. The evidence of shocked quartz supports that there was an asteroid that caused a powerful impact.
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