Biomagnification & Cadmium - Gracie
Texto del Guión Gráfico
- Biomagnification is when a pollutant or toxin enters a food chain and then continues to spread through due to an affected organism being consumed by another organism. The number of affected organisms continues to increase because the toxins accumulated in an animal build up until they are consumed and then spread to another organism.
- 1. Fish gains toxins from water
- What is biomagnification?
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- 3. Snake eats bird, gaining bird's & fish's toxins
- 2. Bird eats fish, gaining it's toxins
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- Cadmium is a chemical element (Cd) that is a by-product of mining zinc, lead, and copper, and it can be very harmful/toxic to organisms. Cadmium is often found in the food that we eat, but it is only in small, harmless amounts. In high amounts, cadmium can be very harmful, or even deadly, as it is known as cancer causing. Exposures to cadmium in small amounts can still be dangerous, as it can build up in the kidneys.
- Batteries, cigarette smoke, and some paint pigments all contain cadmium. 
- What is cadmium?
- Cadmium can enter the environment in many different ways. The mining process allows large amounts to enter water or the air when rain or wind spreads small parts.  The burning of fossil fuels and municipal waste containing cadmium are the most major contributors to cadmium pollution, though. Natural disasters such as forest fires or volcanic eruptions also release cadmium into the air.
- Products containing cadmium release it back into the air when incinerated
- How does cadmium enter the environment?
- While cadmium is mined, wind and water can spread residue into air or water
- Cadmium enters the plants either by entering the soil from the air and being absorbed by plants or by entering a water supply and being used to water the plants where is it absorbed.
- 1. Cadmium from the air enters the soil where it is easily absorbed into plants by their roots
- 3. Continues to spread by an animal with cadmium in its system being consumed by another animal
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- The most common plants that absorb cadmium are cereal plants (rice, corn, wheat), tobacco, and potatoes.
- 2. Animals consume the plants with cadmium
- How does cadmium enter food chains?
- Cadmium can have many different effects on organisms in an environment, depending on how much there is. Cadmium is very toxic to organisms, though, and can kill plants, animals, and even micro-organisms like bacteria. Plants with cadmium in them will grow slower, take in nutrients and water less efficiently, and their tissues will die. Animals will accumulate cadmium in their kidneys, liver, and many other organs until they die either from the toxicity or are eaten by another animal and the predator takes in all of the cadmium.
- How cadmium affects living things in an environment-
- 2, Animals die from eating toxic vegetation or are eaten by predators
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- 3. Predators eat cadmium from inside prey, get sick and potentially die from all the negative health effects
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- 1. Trees and plants die from not taking in enough nutrients
- Cadmium can not be entirely prevented from entering the environment, but there are ways to reduce the amount that gets into the air and water. Adding scrubbers in factories helps to reduce the amount of chemical particles that are released into the air. If scrubbers were in every factory then the majority of what would be released into the air would just be water vapour. Sorting through municipal waste for products containing cadmium before incineration would also prevent it from being released into the air from the smoke. Banning cigarettes would also reduce the amount of cadmium in the air due to those chemicals no longer being released into the air and being consumed by plants and animals.
- Preventing cadmium from getting in the environment-
- Cadmium free water vapour from factories with the use of scrubbers
- In order to prevent cadmium from entering the food chain, the pollution of cadmium into the air would have to be lowered so that it is not entering the soil. Another way to prevent having cadmium in plants could be testing water for cadmium before using it to water them. 
- Bans on the burning of products containing cadmium
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