The early people used the method of foraging and hunting in order to gain their sustenance. They picked berries and flowers and fished for their protein source.
Subsistence Agriculture
As the population grew, people began raising animals and domesticating plants to create larger and more stable food sources in order to survive.
Commercial Farming
Soon areas all over the world would start adopting this domestication and different crops began showing up all throughout the Earth. For example, Latin America was considered a hearth for beans, cotton, and maize, while Sub-Saharan Africa is credited to the domestication of yams and coffee.
Farming Technologies
subsistence farming was mainly practiced in developing countries by a single-family or household. In this system of farming, you only provide for what you need to sustain yourself and your family.
Found in developed countries in which the production of crops is used for sale off the farm. This leads to the prevalence of "cash crops" which are grown solely for sale and not farmers' use.
Now in these developed countries, just a handful of these commercial farms can now feed huge numbers of people with advances in farming technology. Ever since the industrial revolution farming technology has kept improving. Making it much easier to feed the large populations of said countries.