Assesement 2
Texto del Guión Gráfico
- Hi, I am behaviourism learning theory.
- THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF LEARNING
- I am constructivism learning theory.
- And I am cognitivism learning theory.
- Behaviorism theory was first initialed by John Watson in the early 1900s. The majority of the early works were built upon animal behaviors. Then BF Skinner (1963, as cited in Churchill et al., 2018) describes learning as a lasting alteration in behavior caused by external occurrences, whether consciously perceived or not. And it is also a cause-and-effect process where teacher behaviors will have certain effects on students' academic performance
- Introduction to Behaviourism
- Very good.
- How learners learn in behaviourism
- Skinner (1963, as cited in Churchill et al., 2018) believes that learning occurred when some kind of event or condition (stimulus) triggered an action (response) and those actions that were rewarded in some manner were likely to be repeated (learned). According to this perspective those actions or responses that were ignored or punished also resulted in a change of behaviour.
- There are a wide range of view in constructivism. However, Ernst Von Glaserfeld is a leading one in this perspective. He calls it as a a complex area in psychology, epistemology, and education (Von Glaserfeld, 1997, as cited in Churchill, 2018)
- There are two forms in this perspectives. But today we will focus on constructivist in educational context. Churchill (2018) states that "constructivists view learners as self-regulated and active participants in their learning, and active ‘constructors’ of meaning. The learning environment in turn encourages social net- works and/or experiential opportunities where individuals are encouraged to make sense of information for themselves."
- Introduction to Constructivist theory
- In constructivism, learning is a a progressive adaptation of existing schemes to the physical environment whereby meaning is constructed via a person’s previous and current knowledge structure. Learning is therefore the product of an internal cognitive activity and learners actively construct knowledge (Merriam, Caffarella Baumgartner 2007, as cited in Churchill et al., 2018).
- Reference list
- How learners learn in contructivism
- In cognitivism theory, human development especially the cognitive development is the key aspect. According to Churchill (2018) "the process of learning for cognitivists focuses on internal mental processes, which include such things as insight,information processing, memory and perception and that are directly related to stages of development."
- Cognitivism learning theory
- The author indicates that "the learning process according to cognitive theorists centers around internal mental activities, encompassing aspects like gaining insights, processing information, remembering, and perceiving, all of which are closely tied to various developmental stages. The cognitive approach to learning emphasizes how individuals engage with and process information while learning, as well as how they derive significance from both information and personal encounters. Often, learning is characterized as the assimilation of fresh knowledge" (Churchill et al, 2018).
- How people learn in cognitivism
- During my academicjourney, I've engaged various learning situations that align with the principles of behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. These theories havemade a significant contribution to how I've acquired knowledge and skills, offering insights into different aspects of my learning experiences.
- In terms of behaviorism, If my memory serves me well back to high school time where my teacher used a rewards-based system for every question that I can answer. The promise of recognition and extra credit motivated me and my classmates to excelentely complete tasks and engage in question discussions. This experience underscores the behaviorist notion that external stimulation, such as rewards, can shape behavior and influence learning outcomes. On the contrary, those students who usually make noise or disturb the other students would receive several certain forms of punishment. As a result, after a semester my class academic performance got improved as a cause-and-effect process which can be seen in behaviorism theory.
- Cognitivism was alsoplayed a significant role in my learning journey. When I studied mathematics, I found the curriculum of Vietnam education is not appropriate for the learner’s-developmental age. For instance, students who are just in grade 8 would not understand or be able to do derivative or integral mathematics. However, those forms of mathematics still exist in the curriculum which made me and some other friends who are not talented in mathematics found it a struggle to understand. As a consequence, we usually think that is because we are not as smart as the other students. Now I realised it is because inappropriate for the learner and developmental stage.
- Constructivism theory came to my learning journey quite late. It was when I was in my university years. My professors usually divide my class into small groups and had us to engage in group discussions and collaborative projects.Thanks to that I have opportunities to expose to diverse viewpoints and alternative solutions. I distinctly remember an English literature class where our group dissected a poem named Inferno by Dante. We had lively debates, into multiple layers of meaning which broadened my understanding through dialogue and shared points of view. This experience allign with the constructivist belief that knowledge is constructed through social interactions. Moreover, I can see the influence of the theory on my knowledge because learning is an active process where I have to actively find and gain more and more pieces of knowledge.
- As I am studying to become an early childhood teacher, I am excited about applying the three learning theories behaviorism, constructivism, and cognitivism to create a dynamic and effective learning environment for young learners. As for behaviorism, I will set up clear expectations and routines to provide a structured framework within which children can grow. I will apply positive reinforcement techniques, offering stickers or candy as rewards for desirable behaviors like active participation, sharing, and following instructions. This approach will encourage a positive classroom atmosphere and motivate children to engage actively in their learning journey.
- The connection of the three learning theories to my professionalism in education settings
- As for cognitivism learning theory, I will focus on nurturing children's cognitive development by building on their existing knowledge and experiences. I will design activities that trigger their curiosity, encouraging exploration and discovery. For instance, when introducing new lessons, I will relate them to familiar objects or experiences, enabling children to connect the dots between what they know and what they are learning. Moreover, I will promote critical thinking through open-ended questions and hands-on tasks, allowing children to experiment, make connections, and develop problem-solving skills. Through reflective activities, I will empower children to assess their learning progress, fostering a sense of ownership over their intellectual growth.
- Educational constructivism, with its emphasis on collaborative learning, will be a main criterion of my early childhood classroom. Recognizing the significance of peer interaction, I will create opportunities for group activities that engage children in shared tasks, promoting dialogue, negotiation, and cooperation. Collaborative projects will facilitate learning from peers, nurturing communication skills, empathy, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives. My classroom will grow as a vibrant learning community, where children's interactions with peers become a vital part of their educational journey. By integrating elements of peer teaching and mentorship, I will let children share and show their talents to other peers, reinforcing their understanding and building a supportive learning network. In essence, my approach as an early childhood teacher will enable a balanced blend of behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. This multiple strategies classroom aims to foster a positive, engaging experience for young minds. By embracing these theories, I aspire to lay a strong foundation for their future academic attempts while nurturing their social and emotional growth.
- Churchill, R. (2018). Teaching : Making a difference, 4th edition. Wiley.
Más de 30 millones de guiones gráficos creados