Long-Term and Short-Term Memory
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- Long-term and Short-term MemoryDebby-Ann Beckford 20161693PST305: Cognition and the BrainDr. Lisset Pickens-BirdMarch 22, 2023
- University of the Commonwealth Caribbean
- IntroductionInformation acquisition, storage, retention, and later retrieval are all psychological processes referred to as memory. Memory is primarily composed of three processes: encoding, storing, and retrieval. There typically three types of memory: Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The earliest level of memory is sensory memory. During this stage, sensory information from the world is only temporarily stored; typically, visual information is only retained for a half-second and auditory information is retained for three to four seconds. Short-term memory, otherwise called active memory has to deal with the information we are presently aware of or thinking about. This recollection would be referred to as the conscious mind in the Freudian theory. Short-term memory is informed by taking heed to sensory memories. (Cherry, 2022)
- Introduction Cont'dIn the Multi-Store Memory Model, proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, long-term memory is the last stage, which is what allows knowledge and abilities to be retained over the long term. It is possible that long-term memory has an unlimited storage capacity. It could last a short while or a lifetime. The recommended encoding techniques are primarily semantic (meaning) and visual (pictorial), though they can also be acoustic. (Mcleod, 2023)
- Introduction Cont'dGeorge Miller is regarded as a pioneer in the area of cognitive psychology because of his research on memory and information storage. The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information is one of his more well-known writings. Miller set out to calculate how much data can be stored in short-term memory. In order to support his claim that short-term memory can store an average of seven plus or minus two (five to nine) chunks or bits of information, he used experimental results from several different studies. (George Miller, Psychologist: Theories on Short Term Memory, Overview, 2015)
- The Impact that Long-term and Short-term has had on the field of Cognitive Psychology
- Since it enables people to remember and draw from past experiences to shape their understanding of and behaviour in the present,it is a crucial component of human cognition. (How Memory Works, n.d.)
- According to Cherry, (2022), the field of cognitive psychology is a broad and varied subject. It covers a wide range of aspects of everyday life. Cognitive psychology plays an important role in understanding the processes of memory.
- Similarities and Differences between cognitive Psychology and Clinical Psychology
- DifferencesCognitive psychology looks at how the brain and behavior interact through concentrating on parts of brain research and how different behaviors are influenced by various brain structures.Clinical psychologists often concentrate more on using therapeutic methods to address the behavior and less on the physiological mechanisms that underlie behavior. (Psychology School Guide - Accredited Campus Online Schools,2022b)
- Similarities1. Both Cognitive Psychology and Clinical Psychology are scientific pursuits2 Cognitive psychology as well as Clinical look into behavior of others3. Both Clinical psychology and Cognitive psychology look into sensation, perception, and memory in order to understanding individuals (Psychology School Guide - Accredited Campus Online Schools,2022b)
- Findings in relation to Principles of Long-term and Short-term Memory
- Typically, there are two categories of long-term memory: explicit and implicit. Explicit memories, usually referred to as declarative memories, are all the memories that are accessible to awareness. Explicit memory can be further separated into semantic memory (knowledge about the world) and episodic memory (specific occurrences).
- The majority of implicit memories are unconscious. Procedural memory, which comprises memories of bodily movement and how to use surrounding items, is a type of memory. Procedural memory includes skills like computing and car driving. (Cherry, 2023)
- Findings in relation to Principles of Long-term and Short-term Memory
- The processes individuals use to make sense of,modify, interpret, and store information in short-term memory (STM) refers toworking memory. Information in STM is not permanently stored; instead, itbecomes available for us to process. The amount of information and the lengthof time that short-term memory can retain are both restricted. (Stangor, 2014)
- Hmmm.....
- Recommendations for Continued Advancement within the field of Cognitive Psychology as it relates to Long-term and Short-term Memory
- One recommendation is that to further advance our understanding and application of cognitive science and the study of long-term and short-term memory, a dedication would be essential. This entails finding out and analyzing the work of well-known researchers in the field, as well as current researchers.
- To add to that, research on long-term and short-term memory needs to keep up with technological developments.
- Example of an Experiment grounded in Long-term and Short-term Memory
- According to Mcleod (2023), There are two theoretical propositions made by George A .Miller are the cornerstones of both the information processing framework and cognitive psychology. The short-term memory and "chunking" make up the first idea. According to Miller, short-term memory can only store 5–9chunks of information (seven plus or minus two), with a chunk denoting any significant unit of data.
- Additionally, with the exception of "w" and"7," which have two syllables, he used the digit span test with every letter of the alphabet and every number. He discovered that humans can recall numbers more readily than letters. For letters, the average span was 7.3, and for numerals, it was 9.3. (Mcleod, 2023)
- ConclusionTo conclude, information acquisition, storage, retention, and later retrieval are all psychological processes referred to as memory. Memory is primarily composed of three processes: encoding, storing, and retrieval. There typically three types of memory: Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.George Miller is regarded as a pioneer in the area of cognitive psychology because of his research on memory and information storage. He sought to calculate how much data can be stored in short-term memory.To further advance our understanding and application of cognitive science and the study of long-term and short-term memory, a dedication would be essential which entails finding out and analyzing the work of well-known researchers in the field, as well as current researchers.
- ReferencesCherry,K. (2022, November 8). What Is Memory? Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-memory-2795006Cherry, K. (2022, December 5). What Is Cognitive Psychology?VerywellMind. https://www.verywellmind.com/cognitive-psychology-4157181Cherry, K. (2023, February 28). What Is Long-Term Memory? Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-long-term-memory-2795347GeorgeMiller, Psychologist: Theories on Short Term Memory, Overview. (2015, June 29).Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/george-miller-psychologist-theories-on-short-term-memory-lesson-quiz.html.
- ReferencesMcleod,S., PhD. (2023, February 13). Short-Term Memory | Facts, Types, Duration Capacity. Simply Psychology.https://simplypsychology.org/short-term-memory.htmlMcleod,S., PhD. (2023, February 9). Long-Term Memory in Psychology: Types, Capacity Duration. Simply Psychology. https://simplypsychology.org/long-term-memory.htmlHowMemory Works. (n.d.). Derek Bok Center, Harvard University. https://bokcenter.harvard.edu/how-memory-worksPsychologySchool Guide - Accredited Campus Online Schools. (2022b, December 25).Key Differences Between Cognitive and Clinical Psychology. https://www.psychologyschoolguide.net/difference-between-cognitive-psychology-and-clinical-psychology/
- ReferencesStangor,C. (2014, October 17). 9.1 Memories as Types and Stages. Pressbooks. https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/8-1-memories-as-types-and-stages/
- The End
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