As early as the 20th century, English has become a lingua franca. There is are 2 theories on how Indo-European spread. The first theory is that there were Nomadic Warriors who conquered land and spread their language. The other theory is the Sedentary Farmer theory which means that farmers spread their language due to their advanced farming practices.
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Germanic tribes formed after the Romans fell. They made Anglo Saxon as their common language which is called Old English and the language has some borrowed words. 300 years later, the Norman invasion brought war to the British isles. They conquered the land and higher members of the fuedal system would speak French while peasants would speak Old English
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There was a British Empire in Canada which spoke English. Over time, the language spread into the United States.
British imperialism began when the British established empires and also made the common language English. English is an example of relocation diffusion since it got spread to the British Empires.