Mesopotamia was known as the land between two river, in this case the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia was a fertile crescent which means it was great for farming.
Polotics
Mesopotamians were polytheists which means they believed in, and worshiped several Gods. They built ziggurats for the gods, and offered food, jewelry, and other valuable things because they thought a happy gods meant successful crops.
Economics
Mesopotamians are responsible for many of the things we use today like math, writing, time, and farming. The Mesopotamians were very smart people and their achievements prove it.
Social Structure
In Mesopotamia there was either a monarchy or an empire. A monarchy is a single city-single city state ruled by a single king, an empire is multiple city states ruled by one king. For example Sumer was a monarchy because it was one land ruled by on king, but Akkad was an empire because one king ruled several lands.
When people in Mesopotamia started to specialize they started to trade with other city-states, they would trade things like animal hide, living animals, pots, tolls, etc. Mesopotamians also received goods when they trade, what made the goods they got back different was that they had nothing like it in their city-state.
In the Mesopotamian social structure Kings are at the top, under kings are his Nobles, after them the people of Mesopotamia, then the slaves they captured.