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- In 1790, due to the French Revolution and the mistreatment of the gens de couleur (a free mixed-race community) and the slaves, they rose in revolt. It wasn't until 1791 that a slave rebellion was led by Toussaint L'Ouverture
- In 1792 and 1794, social equality was granted to the gens de couleur, and abolished slavery in all French colonies. That lasted until 1802 when Napoleon Bonaparte sent his brother-in-law Charles Leclerc to restore full French rule in Saint Domingue. Later L'Ouverture gets deceived by Leclerc and later dies in France of pneumonia in 1803.
- By November 1802, yellow fever and malaria killed Leclerc and half of the French troops. Later, Vicomte de Rochambeau, the new French Commander, came and waged a war against the Haitian rebels. Though Rochambeau's reinforcements and supplies were never sufficient enough due to Britain's control over the sea at that time.
- By the fall of 1803, L'Ouverture's ally General Jean-Jacques Dessalines defeated Rochambeau, finally ending France's control over Haiti. On January 1, 1804, Dessalines declared Haiti's independence, establishing the first black republic in the Americas.
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