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- (350MYA-300MYA) It's the Carboniferous period, its name referring to rich deposits of coal that existed there. Mostly zooplankton and algae which died millions of years ago sank to the bottom of the sea. It combined with mud.
- Over time, the combined organic material + mud was covered by layers of sediment. These layers of sediment began forming caprock, harder/resistant rock overlying weaker rock types, for instance, sandstone.
- The caprock creates layers impervious to fluid, so the organic material gets crushed by above layers of sediment increasing pressure, and because of limited volume and hehe PV=NRT then temperature increases.
- The molecules of the organic material and mud break down under temperature to form hydrocarbons and thus crude oil, a combination of many different hydrocarbons. These accumulate in various areas throughout the world.
- Fractional distillation is a method in which we separate the components of crude oil into the various parts that we find use in. It begins by evaporating the crude oil into a vapour at 350-400 degrees, and as it rises through the apparatus it cools and individual parts condense.
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