Panel 4: Family engagement:Looking at family engagement towards the Bio-ecological model , we see that the mesosystem plays a role here , because this level focus on the interactions between different environments that affect a child’s development(Bronfenbrenner, 1979). The relationships between the child’s different key settings such as the community, school and peer groups are important ,because it has an effect on the child’s development. When there is communication between the parent and teacher , for instance communication about participation in activities, then it makes the bond stronger between school and home. There is development in social skills , learning and through stable support there is stability in expectations and values. Epstein, 2018; Sheridan Kim, 2015 stated that a strong family-school relationship leads to better self-esteem, better behaviour and improved academic performance
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Panel 5: Community supportThinking about community support ,we see it as an external aspect that has an effect on an individual’s experiences, thus it can be connected to the exosystem of the bio-ecological model, because the exosystem refers to the external environment(Bronfenbrenner,1979). For example , if the parent has access to good community services , that means that the child can get the needed health care she or he needs, that can minimize anxiety and stress and the child can function better academically and be active in a physical environment. According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), external support can promote the well-being of the family, stable household and improve the child’s social and academic development. There can be a positive effect in development of the youth when community organizations serves as an essential that help families with there challenges by providing them with resources.
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Panel 6: Cultural and societal valuesPanel 6 refers to the macrosystem, that includes norms and values that influence the child’s learning environment(Bronfenbrenner, 1979). Cultural and societal values as a supportive learning environment refers to the curriculum that integrates lessons and content that puts attention on respect, inclusion, diversity and cultural differences in the classroom. Understanding and having knowledge about these values, help learners to understand their role in the society and develop empathy.