Unknown Story
Текст на Статията
- Humans migrated fromAsiatoAlaskaover a land bridge across the Bering Strait and slowly hunted and gathered their way south. Settled agriculture developed in South America between 5000 BC and 2500 BC in and around present-dayPeru, and the emerging societies ultimately developed into major civilizations,
- The Spanish first arrived in Latin America in 1492, when Christopher Columbus, who was bankrolled by Queen Isabella ofSpainto find a new route toAsia’s spice islands, accidentally bumped into the Caribbean islands.
- At the time of the Spanish invasion in the early 16th century, the Inca empire had reached the zenith of its power, ruling over millions of people from northernEcuador to centralChileandnorthernArgentina
- Spanish and Portuguese representatives met in 1494 to draw a nice little line at about 48° west of Greenwich, givingAfricaandAsiatoPortugaland all of the New World toSpain.
- Lima, founded in 1535 as the capital of the new viceroyalty ofPeru, was the base for most of the ensuing exploration and conquest, and became the seat of all power in Spanish South America
- Following the conquest, the Spaniards, who above all else wanted gold and silver, worked the indigenous populations mercilessly in the mines and the fields. Native American populations declined rapidly, however, due to introduced diseases.
- The movement for independence by the Spanish colonies began around the end of the 18th century, whenSpain, devoting its energy and troops to the war againstFrance, began to lose control of the colonies. By the end of the war in 1814,
- After independence, conservative rural landowners, known as caudillos, filled the power vacuum left by the departed colonial regime. Strong dictatorships, periods of instability and the gross inequality between powerful elites and the disfranchised masses have since characterized most South American countries.
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