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Текст на Статията
- Today were gonna talk about why the next blockbuster drug should and can be lab-rat free.
- REASONS TO STOP ANIMAL TESTING1. Without animal testing, drug development will be cheaper and faster2. New sophisticated methods are available to curate the new drugs3. Patient outcomes will improve due to more accurate results from testing
- Animal rights is serious and matters to people so much that 43% of Americans in 2022 said testing on animals is immoral.
- STOP ANIMAL TESTING
- NO MORE EXPERIMENTS!
- REASONS AGAINST ANIMAL TESTING:1. time consuming 2. expensive3. vulnerable to shortages
- This new device has organs on a chip and is about the size of AA batteries. In the device you can find very small channels lined with numerous types of human cells. Accompanied by a researcher, they can pump drugs into these channels to create a stimulation of how they would work on the human body.
- Drug development has many failures when using animals for testing and many medications that may work for the animals and seem promising usually does not work in humans. We aren't the animals so we don't know what the full ramifications would be on humans.
- The cutting new edge treatments are all biologically based products specifically made for humans. These include things such as antibodies and fragments of human DNA. The reason we need change is for safety measures and to make it more human relevant.
- First New Method
- SECOND NEW METHOD
- We're also able to combine or link multiple of these chips together. Like connecting a heart-on-a-chip to a lung-on-a-chip or to a kidney-on-a-chip. The options are limitless. When connected, we are able to see how the drug could affect multiple systems at once.
- One biotech company called Emulate, creates these organs on a chip. In one case they used a liver-on-a-chip to screen 27 drugs that have been studied before. During the simulation, they were able to flag 87% of toxic compounds in this drug. Although these drugs had passed the initial animal testing before, showing how unreliable and unsafe animal testing is.
- FIRST NEW METHOD
- Another method that has potential is virtual cells. This method has the ability to model individual human heart cells using a specific arrangement of equations to be able to report the total findings that are happening in the cell. Through the use of these cells, researchers found that they function better than animal models. This was due to the digital cells being able compute better predictions on the probability of heart problems in humans.
- Now scientists are in the process of constructing an entire virtual organ. It's still in its early stages and is far from complete, but in the future, they will be able to piece all of the digital cells together. In the end it's more important to start creating the capacity to build such things, then rely on a method that we know isn't ethical.
- SECOND NEW METHOD
- computational model
- These computational models can predict how toxic a compound is with different types of chemical characteristics. How much of that toxin will reach multiple organs. In addition, how fast the toxin will metabolized into the body. These models are bale to rearranged to symbolize the variety of patients. In example drug developers can create a test to perceive if medication that works on younger adults would be safe for adults who are older and organs function a bit differently. This level of functionality makes the product more versatile and allows us to steer away from animal testing.
- THIRD NEW METHOD
- The last method is where human cells are arranged into a compact, three dimensional clump. This is generally known as a organoid. The organoid arrays some basic traits of specific organs, like the brain, heart, or liver. The scientists are then able to use the mini organs to study the base foundations, groundwork and even test treatments.
- ORGANOID
- THIRD NEW METHOD
- Scientists additionally are currently using 3-D printing to produce organoids to their actual scale. The prints also include strips of other different types of human tissue. One example of this is skin.
- They prove that this can work in a study in 2016. In this study researchers made mini-guts from the cell samples of patients that have been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Researchers then used the organoids to create predictions on which patient would respond positively to the new drugs.
- It will be a while before these new methods are used world wide considering that this will take a lot of money to fund. The models presented also have restraints due to the fact that it depends on how much data you have acquired and can also use to create the model. There's also other possible outcomes with different cells and variables that make it harder to create computer models for each situation.
- At the moment these solutions are for predicting for short term outcomes unlike long term outcomes. Furthermore this is not a replacement for animal testing yet and we may not be able to get rid of it all together, but it's a step in the right direction.
- Image Attributions:343457 (https://www.pexels.com/photo/green-circuit-board-343457/) - Miguel Á. Padriñán - License: Free To Use / No Attribution Required / See https://www.pexels.com/license/ for what is not allowed
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- 343457 - Miguel Á. Padriñán - (Разрешително Free To Use / No Attribution Required / See https://www.pexels.com/license/ for what is not allowed )
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