The Abbasid Caliphate
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- The Abbasid Caliphate, which ruled the Islamic world, oversaw the golden age of Islamic culture. The dynasty ruled the Islamic Caliphate from 750 to 1258 AD, making it one of the longest and most influential Islamic dynasties. The Abbasid Caliphate controlled land from as far as Spain to Oman. In the Abbasid Caliphate, the places which the empire conquered were ruled by governors. The emperor was called the Caliph.
- The Abbasid Caliphate featured many architectural structures and buildings, such as the Great Mosque of Baghdad as well as the Azhar Mosque in Cairo. The main religion of the Abbasid Caliphate was Islam, a religion that originated in Mecca when the Prophet Mohammed heard the voice of Allah (God) talk to him while meditating in a cave.
- Islam has five pillars that are essential to the faith. They are the belief that Allah is the only god, daily prayers, fasting, charity to the poor, and the pilgrimage to Mecca.
- The economy of the Abbasid Caliphate relied heavily on trade with other civilizations such as the nomadic tribes of the Sahara Desert and the people of China and Indochina. The Abbasid currency consisted of copper, silver, and gold coins called Dinar.
- However, over time, internal and external problems began to weaken the Abbasid Caliphate, such as local governors becoming corrupt as well as the dwindling power of their military.
- In 1258, the Abbasid Caliphate collapsed when the Mongol Empire, led by Ghengis Khan invaded Iraq, sacked Baghdad, and executed the Caliph.
- The Abbasid Caliphate was responsible for the Golden Age of Islam, and spread the religion everywhere from the beaches of Spain to the mountains of Anatolia. It contributed significantly to the architectural and cultural advancements in the Middle East, and helped spread Islam to many parts of the world.
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