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ACHOOO

Bless You!

When an individual sneezes and does not cover their mouth, pathogens are transferred from one individual to another if they are in a close distance. Pathogens are foreign invaders to your immune system that can make you sick such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. During this process, the pathogens get through the first line of defense in an individual such as their mucus membranes, nose hairs, saliva, and even tears, which eventually leads the pathogens to continue on to attack your immune system.

Pathogens

WE SEE YOU!!

Macrophages

Once inside the immune system, pathogens must face the second line of defense which is your white blood cells and immune system. The body releases a hormone around the affected area which attracts Macrophages to the area. Macrophages are the first to arrive at the site and engulf the germ to display its antigen for other cells to see. Once the antigen is introduced to the body it triggers the production of antibodies in the immune system.

Look! Its an invader!

Hormones

Antigens

Antigens

Next to arrive at the scene are Helper-T cells which are produced in the thymus. Once at the scene, they identify the foreign antigen on the macrophages and begin to rapidly multiply. Helper-T cells also move on to alert B cells and direct the body’s defense to the invader.

ITS AN INTRUDER!! WE MUST ALERT THE B CELLS!!

Helper-T Cells

Helper-T Cells

ACHOOO

Bless You!

When an individual sneezes and does not cover their mouth, pathogens are transferred from one individual to another if they are in a close distance. Pathogens are foreign invaders to your immune system that can make you sick such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. During this process, the pathogens get through the first line of defense in an individual such as their mucus membranes, nose hairs, saliva, and even tears, which eventually leads the pathogens to continue on to attack your immune system.

Pathogens

WE SEE YOU!!

Macrophages

Once inside the immune system, pathogens must face the second line of defense which is your white blood cells and immune system. The body releases a hormone around the affected area which attracts Macrophages to the area. Macrophages are the first to arrive at the site and engulf the germ to display its antigen for other cells to see. Once the antigen is introduced to the body it triggers the production of antibodies in the immune system.

Look! Its an invader!

Hormones

Antigens

Antigens

Next to arrive at the scene are Helper-T cells which are produced in the thymus. Once at the scene, they identify the foreign antigen on the macrophages and begin to rapidly multiply. Helper-T cells also move on to alert B cells and direct the body’s defense to the invader.